Fully understand semiconductors, wafers, lithography, chips, and integrated circuits

Technology stocks are constantly hyping in the capital market. How many retail investors understand the basic concepts and classifications of chips, semiconductors, and so on? After reading this article, I believe everyone will have a clear understanding of these well-known names.

Starting with semiconductors, semiconductors are substances with conductivity between conductors (metals) and insulators (stones), including silicon and germanium. Due to the large gaps in silicon that can be doped with impurities, it can be used to manufacture important semiconductor electronic components - transistors. The main functions of transistors are to amplify signals and switches. Transistors are like data signal radios. The principle of radios is to amplify weak signals and use speakers to release them, while transistors can amplify the current of signals, allowing current to pass through in a specific way.

Hundreds of millions of transistors are installed on a chip about half a centimeter in length and width. This chip is commonly known as an 'integrated circuit', commonly known as an IC (Integrated Circuit). Therefore, a chip is the abbreviation of an integrated circuit, also known as a carrier.

In response to the advent of the era of intelligence, technology will change the way humans live. The previous article will first briefly introduce what semiconductors are, and then provide a detailed overview of the entire industry and its future applications.